Западноевропейское искусство от Хогарта до Сальвадора Дали

Turner often painted historical subjects, usually those of Delacroix, involving violence as well as shipwrecks and conflagrations, in which the individual figures appear as scarcely more than spots in a seething tide of humanity. He liked to accompany the labels with quotations from poetry, often his own. Nonetheless, at his death a great many unfinished canvases were found that had no identifiable subject or representation at all. Turner really enjoyed and painted the pure movement of masses of colour – a kind of colour music, strikingly relevant to Abstract Expressionism of the 1950s. Shortly before the opening of an exhibition at the Royal Academy, the ageing Turner, would send unfinished works, and on varnishing day paint in the details to make the pictures exhibitable to a nineteenth-century public.

The Slave Ship, of 1840, represents an incident common in the days of slavery, when entire human cargoes were thrown into the sea, either because of epidemics or to avoid arrest. The ship itself, the occasional figures, and the fish feasting on the corpses in the foreground were obviously painted at great speed only after the real work, the movement of fiery waves of red, brown, gold, and cream, had been brought into completion.

Rain, Stream and Speed, of 1844, is one of the first paintings of a railway train, and its Romantic idealisation of «progress» – man conquering nature by utilising its force. The train with its light carriages moving across the high bridge is enough of a subject already, but Turner lifts it to an almost unearthly realm in which insubstantial forces play through endless space. The veils of blue and gold are real subjects of the picture. Turner's heightened and liberated colour sense provided a revelation to those Impressionists (especially Monet) who took refuge in London in 1870.

Make sure you know how to pronounce the following words:

Joseph Mallord William Turner; attachment; gorgeous; quotation; revelling; revelation; violence; especially; reveries; Monet

Notes

Rain, Stream and Speed – «Дождь, пар и скорость»

The Slave Ship – «Корабль с рабами»

Tasks

I. Read the text. Make sure you understand it. Mark the following statements true or false.

1. Turner had mystical attachment to nature.

2. Turner liked to accompany the labels with quotations from poetry.

3. Turner often painted landscapes which he constructed in the studio.

4. Turner always sent finished works to the Royal Academy.

5. Turner painted the pure movement of masses of colour – a kind of colour music, strikingly relevant to Abstract Expressionism of the 1950s.

6. Turner's heightened and liberated colour sense provided a revelation to the Impressionists.

II. How well have you read? Can you answer the following questions?

1. What countries did Turner visit? What did he want to experience?

2. Where did Turner paint his pictures? What colour did he favour?

3. What subjects did Turner like to paint? What canvases were found after Turner's death?

4. What did Turner enjoy to paint?

5. What does the Slave Ship represent?

6. What is depicted in one of the first paintings with the Romantic idealisation of «progress»?

III. i. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:

Mystical attachment to nature; to make frequent trips; mountain landscapes; to experience the full force of the wind; to make colour notes; to live under an assumed name; to abandon smth in favour of smth; to accompany the labels with quotations from poetry; unfinished canvases; identifiable subject; to paint the pure movement of masses of colour; shortly before; on varnishing day; to make the pictures exhibitable; to bring into completion; colour sense.

ii. Give English equivalents of the following phrases:

горный пейзаж; незадолго до; подготовить картины для выставки; совершать частые поездки по; незавершенные полотна; передавать мгновенные изменения в природе; сопровождать картины цитатами из поэзии; загадочная привязанность к природе: испытать всю силу волн; в день открытия; чувство цвета; делать цветные наброски.

iii. Make up sentences of your own with the given phrases.

iv. Arrange the following in I he pairs of synonyms:

a) finished; exhibition; label; gorgeous; revelling; revelation;

b) splendid; display; completed; disclosure; marker; amusement.

IV. Here are descriptions of some of Turner's works of art Match them up to the titles given below.

1. It is one of the first paintings of a railway train.

2. The painting represents an incident common in the days of slavery, when entire human cargoes were thrown into the sea.

a. The Slave Ship

b. Rain, Stream and Speed

V. Translate the text into English.