205 Хамфри Богарт раздумывает
: Cited in M. Vess, J. Arndt, C. Routledge, C. Sedikides, and Tim Wildschut, «Nostalgia as a Resource for the Self,» Self and Identity 11 (2012): 273–84, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2010.521452.208 «Цель»:
H. L. Mencken, In Defense of Women (Mineola, NY: Dover, 2004), 29.208 эффект магазина пластинок:
C. Morewedge, «It Was a Most Unusual Time: How Memory Bias Engenders Nostalgic Preferences,» Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 26 (2013): 319–26.209 первый в истории экономист:
M. N. Rothbard, Economic Thought Before Adam Smith (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1995).209 «жили в мире и спокойствии»
: Hesiod, «Works and Days,» lines 110–80, in Hesiod: The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, trans. H. G. Evelyn-White (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914).210 Рабство было приемлемой традицией:
J. Black, A Brief History of Slavery (London: Robinson, 2011), 12–50, and M. Meltzer, Slavery: A World History (Boston: Da Capo, 1993). Meltzer concludes (p. 6) that the «institution of slavery was universal throughout much of history.»210 Технологический процесс был медленным:
Исторические источники до начала восемнадцатого века включают: R. Stark, How the West Won: The Neglected Story of the Triumph of Modernity (Wilmington, DE: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2014), and J. Gimpel, The Medieval Machine: The Industrial Revolution of the Middle Ages (New York: Penguin, 1977).210 «эры человечества»:
Gimpel, Medieval Machine, viii.211 влияние иностранных монархов
: J. B. De Long, «Overstrong Against Thyself: War, the State, and Growth in Europe on the Eve of the Industrial Revolution,» in A Not-So-Dismal Science: A Broader View of Economies and Societies, ed. M. Olson and S. Kähkönen (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), chap. 5.211 Великое обогащение:
D. N. McCloskey, Bourgeois Equality: How Ideas, Not Capital or Institutions, Enriched the World (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016).211 в демократических странах:
M. Roser, «Democracy,» Our World in Data, 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/democracy. See also an estimate that 72 percent of humans live in societies that are free or partly free: Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2018, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2018.211 согласно записям Пинкера
: S. Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (New York: Penguin, 2011), Kindle, and M. Roser, «War and Peace,» Our World in Data, 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/war-and-peace.212 фермеры теперь могут прокормить
: J. H. Ausubel, I. K. Wernick, and P. E. Waggoner, «Peak Farmland and the Prospect for Land Sparing,» Population Development Review 38, S1 (February 2013): 221–42, and M. Roser and H. Ritchie, «Yields and Land Use in Agriculture,» Our World in Data, 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/yields-and-land-use-in-agriculture.212 было определено, что только половина
: M. Roser, «Hunger and Undernourishment,» Our World in Data, 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment#what-do-we-know-about-the-decline-of-undernourishment-in-the-developing-world-over-the-long-run, цитируя 50-процентную оценку Продовольственной и Сельскохозяйственной организации 1940-х. Розер предупреждает насчет сомнений в качестве первых данных, однако считает оценку «полезным указателем уровня недостаточного питания».212 почти 90 процентов:
FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, and WHO, The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018 (Rome: FAO, 2018), 4.212 эта продолжительность жизни:
M. Roser, «Life Expectancy,» Our World in Data, 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy.212 грамотность и образование:
UNESCO Institute for Statistics, «Literacy Rates – UNICEF Data,» July 2018, https://data.unicef.org/topic/education/literacy/, and M. Roser, «Global Rise of Education,» Our World in Data, 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/global-rise-of-education.