God's War: A New History of the Crusades

21. Odo of Deuil, De profectione, pp. 6–9; Otto of Freising, Frederick, p. 70; in general, W. Williams, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (Manchester 1935), pp. 262–88; V. G. Berry, ‘The Second Crusade’, History of the Crusades, ed. Setton, pp. 463–512 and, especially, G. Constable, ‘The Second Crusade as Seen by Contemporaries’, Traditio, 9 (1953), 213–79.

22. Bernard of Clairvaux, Letters, trans. B. S. James, 2nd edn (Stroud 1998), nos. 32, 216, 217, 395, 396; Snoek, Medieval Piety, pp. 114–15.

23. Otto of Freising, Frederick, p. 70.

24. RHGF, xv, 439–40; Bernard of Clairvaux, Letters, no. 323, to Eugenius III, beginning ‘God forgive you, what have you done?’

25. Odo of Deuil, De profectione, pp. 8–11; Bernard of Clairvaux, Letters, no. 391; cf. nos. 392–4.

26. Odo of Deuil, De profectione, pp. 8–9.

27. Ex Chronico Mauriniacensis, RHGF, xii, 88; letter from Bernard’s secretary, Nicholas, to the count and barons of Brittany, RHGF, xv, 607.

28. RHGF, xv, 607.

29. Bernard of Clairvaux, Letters, no. 323; for his itinerary, Williams, Bernard of Clairvaux, esp. pp. 268–81, 397–8; J. Phillips, ‘Bernard of Clairvaux, the Low Countries and the Lisbon Letter of the Second Crusade’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 48 (1997), pp. 485–97.

30. Papsturkunden für Kirchen im Heiligen Lande, ed. R. Hiestand (Göttingen 1985), pp. 193–5.

31. PL 185, cols. 373–419; Otto of Freising, Frederick, pp. 75–6.

32. Annales Rodenses, ed. G. H. Pertz, MGH, xvi (Hanover 1869).

33. Otto of Freising, Frederick, p. 74; Williams, Bernard of Clairvaux, p. 266.

34. Bernard of Clairvaux, Letters, no. 393; Otto Freising, Frederick, p. 74.

35. Rabbi Ephraim of Bonn, Sefer Zekhirah (The Book of Remembrance), Jews and the Crusaders, trans. Eidelberg, p. 122; in general on the attacks on Jews pp. 121–33; Otto of Freising, Frederick, p. 74.

36. RHGF, xv, 641–3; for William of Norwich, see R. Finucane, Miracles and Pilgrims (London 1977).

37. Bernard of Clairvaux, Letters, no. 393.

38. Ephraim of Bonn, Sefer Zekhirah, pp. 126–31.

39. Ephraim of Bonn, Sefer Zekhirah, p. 130; Chevalier, Mult Estes Guariz, Les Chansons de Croisade, ed. J. Bédier and P. Aubry (Paris 1909), p. 9.

40. Ephraim of Bonn, Sefer Zekhirah, pp. 123–4.

41. The phrase is Rabbi Ephraim’s, Sefer Zekhirah, p. 127; Otto of Freising, Frederick, p. 75 for Radulf at Mainz.

42. Ephraim of Bonn, Sefer Zekhirah, p. 124; Bernard of Clairvaux, Letters, no. 393.

43. Otto of Freising, Frederick, p. 74.

44. Ephraim of Bonn, Sefer Zekhirah, pp. 122–3, and for the persecution in general, pp. 121–33.

45. A. Momigliano, ‘A Medieval Jewish Autobiography’, History and Imagination, ed. H. Lloyd-Jones et al. (London 1981).

46. Annales Rodenses, MGH, xvi, 718.

47. PL, 185, col. 383; Annales Herbipolenses, MGH, xvi, 3 (for the bishop of Würzburg’s mission); F. Dolger, Regesten der Kaiserurkunden des Ostromischen Reiches, (Munich and Berlin 1924–65), ii, pp. 206–7, nos. 1348–50; for Franco-Byzantine diplomacy, RHGF, xv, 440–41; xvi, pp. 9–10.

48. Otto of Freising, Frederick, p. 78; in general, R. Hiestand, ‘Kingship and Crusade in Twelfth Century Germany’, England and Germany in the High Middle Ages, ed. A. Haverkamp and H. Vollrath (Oxford 1996), pp. 235–65; F. Lotter, ‘The Crusading Idea and the Conquest of the Region East of the Elbe’, Medieval Frontier Societies, ed. R. Bartlett and A. Mackay (Oxford 1989), pp. 267–306; J. Phillips, ‘Papacy, Empire and the Second Crusade’, The Second Crusade, ed. Phillips and Hoch, pp. 15–31.

49. Otto of Freising, Frederick, pp. 74–5; PL, 185, cols. 381–6.

50. Otto of Freising, Frederick, pp. 75–6.

51. PL, 185, col. 339.

52. Above notes 21 and 29; P. Jaffé, Regesta Pontificum Romanorum, ii (Leipzig 1888), 40–58 for Eugenius’s itinerary; R. Hiestand, ‘The Papacy and the Second Crusade’, Second Crusade, ed. Phillips and Hoch, pp. 32–53; Phillips, ‘Papacy, Empire and the Second Crusade’, ibid., pp. 18–19, 25–6.

53. Odo of Deuil, De profectione, pp. 10–13; RHGF, xv, 440–41; xvi, 9–10.

54. Odo of Deuil, De profectione, pp. 13–16.

55. Odo of Deuil, De profectione, pp. 32–3.