God's War: A New History of the Crusades

42. RHGF, xvi, 149; O City of Byzantium, Annals of Nicetas Choniates, trans. H. J. Margoulias (Detroit 1984), pp. 38–9.

43. Kinnamos, Deeds, pp. 70–71; Hausmann, Urkunden Konrads III, no. 195.

44. Odo of Deuil, De Profectione, pp. 122–3; cf. pp. 136–41.

45. Odo of Deuil, De Profectione, pp. 118–21; pp. 124–7 for Templar fraternity.

46. William of Tyre, History, ii, 179.

47. Ibn al-Qalanisi, Damascus Chronicle, pp. 281–2.

48. William of Tyre, History, ii, 179–80.

49. Otto of Freising, Frederick, pp. 101–2; William of Tyre, History, ii, 181–2; and note 24 above.

50. Hausmann, Urkunden Konrads III, no. 195; on the options in 1148, M. Hoch, ‘The Choice of Damascus as the Objective of the Second Crusade’, Autour de la première Croisade, ed. M. Balard (Paris 1996), pp. 359–69; idem, ‘The Crusaders’ Strategy against Fatimid Ascalon’, The Second Crusade and the Cistercians, ed. M. Gervers (New York 1992), pp. 119–29; idem, ‘The Price of Failure’, The Second Crusade, ed. Phillips and Hoch, pp. 180–200; A. J. Forey, ‘The Failure of the Siege of Damascus in 1148’, Journal of Medieval History, 10 (1984), 13–23.

51. William of Tyre, History, ii, 181–3.

52. John of Salisbury, Historia Pontificalis, pp. 52–3; cf. the dark hints in William of Tyre, History, ii, 180–81.

53. Otto of Freising, Frederick, p. 102; Hausmann, Urkunden Konrads III, no. 195.

54. For the Acre council and the campaign of 1148, William of Tyre, History, ii, 184–95; cf. Otto of Freising, Frederick pp. 102–3; for the Jerusalem royal feud, H. E. Mayer, ‘Studies in the History of Queen Melisende of Jerusalem’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 26 (1972), 93–182.

55. Ibn al-Qalanisi, Damascus Chronicle, p. 283 and, for the siege, pp. 282–7.

56. Hausmann, Urkunden Konrads III, no. 197; William of Tyre, History, ii, 190–94; Otto of Freising, Frederick, p. 103; John of Salisbury, Historia Pontificalis, pp. 57–8; Berry, ‘Second Crusade’, p. 509.

57. Hausmann, Urkunden Konrads III, no. 197; William of Tyre, History, ii, 195.

58. Otto of Freising, Frederick, pp. 105–6.

59. RHGF, xv, 502, 508, 508–9, 509; John of Salisbury, Historia Pontificalis, p. 60; Kinnamos, Deeds, p. 72.

60. For the 1150 plan, Bernard of Clairvaux, Letters, nos. 399–400; T. Reuter, ‘The “Non-crusade” of 1149–50’, The Second Crusade, ed. Phillips and Hoch, pp. 150–63; Stephen of Paris, Fragmentum Historicum de Ludovico VII, RHGF, xii, 89–91.

61. Eugenius III’s letter, PL, 180, col. 1414; Hadrian IV’s letter, ibid., 188, cols. 1,615–17.

62. Annales Herbipolenses, MGH SS, xvi, 5. In general see E. Siberry, Criticism of Crusading 1095–1274 (Oxford 1985).

63. Vincent of Prague, Annales, p. 663.

64. Otto of Freising, Frederick, pp. 103–6; for a translation of De Consideratione, II (PL, 182, cols. 741–5), J. Brundage, The Crusades: A Documentary Survey (Milwaukee 1962), pp. 122–4, p. 124 for quotation; Bernard of Clairvaux, Letters, no. 399.

65. Vita Prima of Bernard by his former notary Geoffrey, PL, 185, cols. 366–7.

66. William of Tyre, History, ii, 193.

67. Otto of Freising, Frederick, p.27; Helmold of Bosau, Chronicle, p. 174.

68. Brundage, Crusades, p. 123.

11: ‘A Great Cause for Mourning’: The Revival of Crusading and the Third Crusade

1. Gregory VIII, Audita Tremendi, October/November 1187, in response to news of the battle of Hattin, J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, p. 65.

2. PL, 197, cols. 187–8; cf. William of Tyre, History, ii, 360, 417–23, 425, 434–5.

3. Gerald of Wales, De Principis instructione, Opera, ed. J. S. Brewer, Rolls Series (London 1861–91), viii, 207.

4. Ralph Niger, De Re Militari, pp. 193–4; cf. pp. 186–7 for other comments on the vices of the Jerusalemites.

5. William of Tyre, History, ii, 407–8.

6. For an equivocal eyewitness account, Ibn al-Qalanisi, Damascus Chronicle, pp. 317–21.

7. Ibn Munir of Tripoli, trans. Hillenbrand, Crusades, p. 150 and, in general, pp. 118–67; for the bathing incident, Holt, Age of Crusades, p. 44.

8. Translated in Gabrieli, Arab Historians, p. 71, and pp. 70–72 for a flattering appreciation.