God's War: A New History of the Crusades

64. The phrase is Gunther of Pairis’s, describing his abbot, Capture, p. 111; the figures are discussed in Queller and Madden, Fourth Crusade, pp. 294–5; cf. Villehardouin, Conquest pp. 94–5.

65. Angold, Fourth Crusade, pp. 111–12; cf. Nicetas, pp. 323–5.

66. Robert of Clari, Conquête, p. 81 for the phrase ‘quemun de l’ost’; Robert of Clari, Conquest, pp. 100–102.

67. Villehardouin, Conquest, pp. 94–5; Devastatio Constantinopolitana, Andrea, Sources, p. 221; Robert of Clari, Conquest, pp. 101–2.

68. Villehardouin, Conquest p. 93.

69. Andrea, Sources, pp. 100–112. For the Latin Empire, Angold, Fourth Crusade, part 2, esp. pp. 113–50; P. Lock, The Franks in the Aegean 1204–1500 (Harlow 1995); D. Jacoby, ‘The Encounter of Two Societies’, American Historical Review, 78 (1973), 873–906.

70. PL, 215, cols. 1,372–5, of March 1208; the initiative may have come from Theodore Lascaris; see Angold, Fourth Crusade, pp. 195–8.

71. Robert of Clari, Conquest, pp. 86–8.

72. Alberic of Trois Fontaines, Andrea, Sources, p. 306 and note.

73. Angold, Fourth Crusade, pp. 148, 237–40.

74. Gunther of Pairis, Capture, pp. 109–12, 119–27; Angold, Fourth Crusade, pp. 228–47.

75. Andrea, Sources, pp. 235–7, 261–3; Robert of Clari, Conquest p. 5.

76. Ralph of Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, pp. 201–3, trans. Andrea, Sources, pp. 288–90. In general, M. Barber, ‘Western Attitudes to Frankish Greece in the Thirteenth Century’, Latins and Greeks in the Eastern Mediterranean after 1204, ed. B. Arbel et al. (London 1989), pp. 111–28.

77. Andrea, Sources, p. 108.

78. Runciman, History of the Crusades, iii, 477.

18: The Albigensian Crusades 1209–29

1. Peter of Les Vaux-de-Cernay, Historia Albigensis, translated as The History of the Albigensian Crusade by W. A. and M. D. Sibly (Woodbridge 1998), p. 197. (Hereafter PVC.)

2. In general, in English, A. P. Evans, ‘The Albigensian Crusades’, History of the Crusades, ed. Setton, ii, 277–324; W. L. Wakefield, Heresy, Crusade and Inquisition in Southern France, 1100–1250 (London 1974); J. Sumption, The Albigensian Crusade (London 1978); M. Barber, The Cathars (London 2000).

3. Mainly on the evidence of mishaps and losses, including the death of Louis VIII, Roger of Wendover, Flores Historiarum, ed. H. G. Hewlett, Rolls Series (London 1886–9), ii, 315.

4. Wakefield, Heresy, p. 245.

5. Barber, Cathars, passim; for general surveys, M. D. Lambert, Medieval Heresy (2nd edn Oxford 1992); idem, The Cathars (Oxford 1998); R. I. Moore, The Origins of European Dissent (Oxford 1985).

6. William of Newburgh, Historia, ed. Howlett, pp. 131–4; J. Sayers, Innocent III (London 1994), p. 157 and note 55.

7. P. Biller, ‘The Cathars of Languedoc and Written Materials’, Heresy and Literacy 1000–1350, ed. P. Biller and A. Hudson (Cambridge 1994), p. 63 and, generally, pp. 61–82.

8. For a summary, see L. M. Paterson, The World of the Troubadours (Cambridge 1993), pp. 249–52 and refs.

9. William Pelhisson, Chronicle, trans. Wakefield, Heresy, p. 210.

10. William of Puylaurens, Chronicle, trans. W. A. and M. D. Sibly (Woodbridge 2003), p. 12 (hereafter WP); Barber, Cathars, pp. 21–2 and note 43, and passim for Sacconi; Wakefield, Heresy, pp. 139, 143 and 192 note 4 for Robert; PVC, p. 18 for Theodoric.

11. See the important article by B. Hamilton, ‘Wisdom from the East’, Heresy and Literacy, pp. 38–60.

12. For the St Félix Council, Barber, Cathars, esp. pp. 21–2 and 71–3.

13. Wakefield, Heresy, pp. 68–81.

14. WP, p. 25.

15. WP, pp. xxix – xxx and notes for a discussion of the term.

16. WP, p. 22.

17. Paterson, World of Troubadours, pp. 70–71; Barber, Cathars, pp. 55–8.

18. Wakefield, Heresy, p. 52.

19. La Chanson de la croisade contre les Albigeois, trans. J. Shirley, The Song of the Cathar Wars (Aldershot 1996), pp. 84–5. (Hereafter Song.)

20. Decree 27.

21. Gervase of Canterbury, Historical Works, i, 270–71.

22. Barber, Cathars, p. 52 and note 62.

23. PVC, p. 117; WP, p. 40; Song, p. 41.

24. A point made in order to damn Raymond VI by WP, pp. 16–18.