God's War: A New History of the Crusades

94. An incident made famous by E. Le Roi Ladurie, Montaillou (Eng. trans. London 1978), a rather misleading work (cf. comments by L. E. Boyle, ‘Montaillou Revisited’, Pathways to Medieval Peasants, ed. J. Raftis (Toronto 1981), pp. 119–40); for a scholarly recent discussion of the revival, Barber, Cathars, pp. 176–202.

95. See J. H. Mundy, Society and Government at Toulouse in the Age of the Cathars (Toronto 1997).

96. G. Langlois, Olivier de Termes: Le Cathare et le croisé (Toulouse 2001) for a recent study (note 509, p. 269 corrects the date of his death usually cited) and for other ‘Cathar crusaders’, ibid., pp. 121ff; WP, p. 111; Barber, Cathars, p. 164; Wakefield, Heresy, p. 187 and p. 213 (William Pelhisson’s chronicle: ‘there were at that time [1229] many who had taken the cross to go overseas because of their acts against the faith’).

97. WP, p. 67 and note 93.

98. WP, p. 111–12, note 26 and refs.

19: The Fifth Crusade 1213–21

1. J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, pp. 91–2.

2. The best modern account is J. M. Powell, Anatomy of a Crusade 1213–21 (Philadelphia 1986).

3. On the general phenomenon, M. Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record (London 1979).

4. PVC, p. 50; Legates’ report, WP, p. 127.

5. Above pp. 525, 530, 540–41, 542, 547, 551–2, 554.

6. In general, P. Raedts, ‘The Children’s Crusade of 1212’, Journal of Medieval History, 3 (1977), 279–323 and, especially, G. Dickson, ‘La Genèse de la croisade des enfants (1212)’, Bibliothèque de l’Ecole des Chartes, 153 (1995), 53–102 and idem, ‘Stephen of Cloyes, Philip Augustus and the Children’s Crusade of 1212’, Journeys towards God: Pilgrimage and Crusade, ed. B. N. Sarget-Baur (Kalamazoo 1992), pp. 83–105.

7. PVC, pp. 142, 150–51.

8. Waitz, Chronica Regia Colonesis, p. 234; cf. translation in E. Peters (ed.), Christian Society and the Crusades 1198–1229 (Philadelphia 1971), p. 36.

9. Sigeberti Gemblacenses chronica auctarium Mortui Maris, ed. W. Pertz, MGH SS, vi, 467; Annales Admuntenses, ed. W. Wattenbach, MGH SS, ix, 579–93.

10. PVC, p. 151; for the Cologne version see note 8 above.

11. See note 6 above.

12. For the sources, with stories of heavenly letters and visions of Christ, see Dickson, ‘Stephen of Cloyes’, pp. 84–6 and notes 7, 27, pp. 98, 101.

13. Wattenbach, Annales Admuntenses, p. 592.

14. See translation in PVC, p. 308.

15. Quotation from Quia Maior, trans. J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, pp. 120–21. The full text is at pp. 119–24.

16. Robert of Courçon, Summa, x, 15, cited by J. W. Baldwin, Masters, Princes and Merchants: The Social Views of Peter the Chanter and His Circle (Princeton 1970), ii, 148–9 note 37, and see i, 211; cf. Russell, Just War, pp. 225–6 and note 37.

17. See Innocent’s letter to members of the German clergy, c.May 1213, trans. J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, pp. 130–31; for a list of crusaders being kept by one Master Hubert in England, Roger of Wendover, Flores historiarum, ii, 323.

18. J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, pp. 131–2 for Innocent’s correspondence and pp. 134–5 for an example of James of Vitry’s preaching; for the abbot’s letter book, F. Kempf, ‘Das Rommersdorfer Briefbuch des 13 Jahrhunderts’, Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Instituts für Geschichtsforschung, Erganzungsband, 12 (1933), 502–71.

19. Magna Carta, Clauses 52, 53 and 57.

20. On England, Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 135, 136, 139; for Frederick, Powell, Anatomy, pp. 3, 23, 74, 75.

21. PL, 216, col. 830, no. xxxv.

22. For some of the letters of summons, see PL, 216, cols. 823–31.

23. Tanner, Decrees, p. 234.

24. Tanner, Decrees, pp. 267–71; J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, pp. 125–9.

25. Delaborde et al., Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste, no. 1,360.

26. Official hostility was reflected in Guillaume le Breton’s comments, R. Röhricht, ed., Testimonia Minora de quinto bello sacro, Société de l’Orient Latin, iii (Geneva 1882), 78–9 (trans. Powell, Anatomy, p. 35).

27. Cf. Powell, Anatomy, pp. 44–5 and note 50.