God's War: A New History of the Crusades

25. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum, xxii, cols. 231–3.

26. WP, p. 12 and note 36 to refs. to the narratives of the 1181 expedition.

27. Ketzer und Ketzerbekampfung im Hochmittelalter, ed. J. Fearns (Göttingen 1968), pp. 61–3.

28. PVC, p. 8.

29. On Innocent III, Barber, Cathars, esp. pp. 115–20; Wakefield, Heresy, pp. 86–91.

30. PL, 215 cols. 358–60 for Arnold Aimery’s appointment; col. 362 for talk of the spiritual virtue of the ‘material sword’.

31. See, for example, PVC, pp. 16–22; WP, pp. 23–9.

32. PVC, p. 19.

33. Innocent’s letter is translated in J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, pp. 78–80.

34. PVC, pp. 31–8 for Innocent III’s account; cf. Song, p. 13 for the culprit.

35. PVC, p. 33.

36. PVC, pp. 31–8.

37. See papal letters in PL, 215, nos. clvi–clviii; Siberry, Criticism of Crusading, p. 107 and note 215.

38. Recueil des Chartes de l’abbaye de Cluny, ed. Bruel, v, nos. 4,452–3, pp. 826–8.

39. PVC, p. 116.

40. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, p. 164 and ref.

41. Quoted Riley-Smith, Oxford History of the Crusades, pp. 10–11.

42. Sigeberti Gemblacensis chronica auctarium Mortui Maris, ed. G. H. Pertz, MGH SS, vi (Hanover 1844), p. 467.

43. N. P. Tanner, Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils (London and Washington 1990), p. 234.

44. WP, pp. 35–6, 39; Song, p. 32.

45. PVC, p. 97.

46. Loc. cit.

47. Roger of Wendover, Flores, ii, 312–13.

48. Anecdotes historiques, légendes et apologues d’Etienne de Bourbon, ed. A. Lecoy de la Marche (Paris 1877), pp. 36–7.

49. PVC, p. 209.

50. Translated in PVC, Appendix F, p. 308.

51. PVC, pp. 250–51 and note 29; Wakefield, Heresy, p. 73.

52. For a clear narrative, Sumption, pp. 77–87.

53. PL, 216, cols. 97–9.

54. PVC, p. 56.

55. PVC, p. 60.

56. PVC, pp. 44–5 and note 75 and refs.; Song, pp. 13–18; WP, p. 32 (misdates Raymond’s overtures to Philip II and Otto IV).

57. Translated WP, Appendix A, pp. 127–9; for a full discussion in English of the massacre and the sources, PVC, Appendix B, pp. 289–93.

58. WP, p. 128.

59. Caesarius of Heisterbach, Dialogus Miraculorum, ed. J. Strange (Cologne etc. 1851), i, 302.

60. WP, p. 128.

61. Song, pp. 19–22; PVC, p. 291.

62. For a discussion of this, see Barber, Cathars, pp. 133–5.

63. PVC, p. 189, quoting a papal letter of 21 May 1213.

64. PVC, pp. 299–301, Appendix D, for mercenaries; 144; Song, pp. 181–9; WP, pp. 64–5.

65. PVC, pp. 62–3.

66. PVC, pp. 84–5, 117, 120; WP, pp. 40–41; Song, pp. 41, 48; H. C. Lea, A History of the Inquisition (New York and London 1888), i, 162.

67. PVC, p. 70, 71–2, 163, 237–8 and note 98.

68. WP, pp. 65–6; Song, pp. 181–3.

69. Quoted by M. Routledge in Riley-Smith, Oxford History of the Crusades, p. 109.

70. Song, pp. 26–8; PVC, pp. 55–9 and Appendix C, pp. 294–8; J. R. Maddicott, Simon de Montfort (Cambridge 1994), pp. 1–5.

71. See Innocent III’s letters of January and May, PVC, pp. 186–9, 308.

72. PVC, pp. 154, 228 and note 50, 232, 234 and note 90.

73. PVC, p. 95.

74. WP, p. 58.

75. PVC, pp. 98–9 and 90–100; Song, pp. 34–6.

76. PVC, pp. 63–4 and note 105.

77. WP, p. 42, precipitated by the treachery at Castelnaudary in 1211 of William Cat, a former intimate; cf. PVC, pp. 134–5.

78. Translated PVC, pp. 320–29.

79. PVC, p. 310; for the correspondence, pp. 308–11.

80. PVC, pp. 186–9; J. and L. Riley-Smith, Crusades, p. 122.

81. PVC, pp. 203–17; Song, pp. 68–71 and WP, pp. 45–9 are later but informed.

82. PVC, pp. 242–5.

83. Song, pp. 74–5.

84. Translated PVC, pp. 311–12.

85. WP, p. 56.

86. Song, p. 172 (and cf. p. 176 for a wonderfully hostile obituary notice); PVC, pp. 276–7; WP, pp. 61–2.

87. WP, p. 65.

88. R. Kay, ‘The Albigensian Twentieth of 1221–3’, Journal of Medieval History, vi (1980), 307–16.

89. Chronicon Turonense, RHGF, ed. Bouquet et al., xviii, 314; cf. Siberry, Criticism of Crusading, p. 131 and refs. to Honorius III’s letters and bulls.

90. Its terms are translated in WP, Appendix C, pp. 138–44.

91. For a useful recent summary, Barber, Cathars, pp. 141–75, which has full references.

92. Wakefield, Heresy, pp. 179–89, 193.

93. WP, pp. 107–8; Barber, Cathars, pp. 154–8 and refs.