Изобразительное искусство Алтайского края. История, современность, педагогический аспект

– The principle of tonal drawing solution. Based on the study of laws of illumination.

– The principle of integrity of the image. It requires the ability to find the relationship and details’ intersubordination loyal relationships between the main and secondary.

With the accumulation of scientific knowledge and practical skills enrollees develop their creativity and visual memory, the ability to observe and analyze the surroundings. Movement of hands during long-term repeatitions by a definite plan “hand-eye” are strengthened and become automatic, allowing to combine educational and creative tasks, which is the ultimate goal of the process of developing technical skills. New technical capabilities and creative experience make it possible to decide the next creative tasks, i.e they contribute to further improvement in creative painting [22, p. 2158].

2.5. The complex of special tasks to train academic drawing on preparatory courses

Academic painting aims to study and identify the properties of objects and phenomena of reality. The leading place is occupied by “constructive drawing”, allowing to represent the visible and invisible adumbration of forms, to understand the reason that created the object, to pierce into the essence of things, to analyze them [16, p. 27]. First, simple flat and three-dimensional shapes should be studied, and then more complex. The error of the most of enrollees is that they represent only the visible parts of the object, not realizing its internal structure. Therefore, at the initial stage they perform the task of drawing a sphere based on a cube, the cylinder based on four-sided prism, hexagonal prism, based on the cylinder, square, circle, triangle, trapezoid and so on. It is necessary to construct three-dimensional objects on the plane using axes, diagonals and finding nodal points.

Linear constructive drawing is based on drawing the forms through. It teaches not only to reproduce the image resemblance to the real object, but to see and reflect on the plane its internal structure. Linear constructive drawing teaches us to think, to understand the commonness of constructive objects’ structure, patterns of forming the objective world, the relationship between forms the masses.

The use of simple graphical tools (line, bar, point) makes it possible to focus on the study of the fundamental laws, methods and means of the composition (the balance, integrity, composition center, contrasts and nuances, rhythm, symmetry and asymmetry, motion transfer, etc.) [8, p. 204]. The ability to see the object, its form and proportions, its position in space is acquired as a result of a long learning process. No one can expect good results in the art of drawing performance in the early stages of training. Not all, even as a students, studying for several years in high school, get a high image technicality.

2.6. Pedagogical conditions conducive to the development of the artistic orientation of enrollees

For efficiency of enrollees’ artistic and creative orientation development in the drawing learning process, the pedagogical conditions and requirements for the organization of the educational process should be determined:

– The creation of positive motivation in the training of artistic activity within a specially organized educational environment;

– Ensuring successful completion of the adaptation period in the period of subject oriented instruction and training courses;

– The implementation of self-organization and self-control of artistic activity as the main way to deepen the vocational self-determination.

In the framework of the first pedagogical condition the following ways and means of forming a stable positive motivation for artistic activity can be suggested:

– Completeness of the educational material content in the area of drawing and the interest of students in its learning;

– Development of methods of teaching and creative work;

– Specially organized educational artistic environment;

– The role of evaluation and self-assessment in the development of motivation for artistic activity.

The second condition for the artistic orientation development of enrollees is to ensure successful completion of an adaptation period by enrollees in the period of school education and training courses. Adaptation is considered as a socialization of the individual, through which people learn to communicate effectively with each other. When an individual enters certain social environment, he masters skills and abilities of practical and theoretical activities, he learns human relations culture, certain social norms of behavior [23, p. 1501].