Изобразительное искусство Алтайского края. История, современность, педагогический аспект

Education in the specialized class saves in the early adolescence of hasty decisions, when the interest has the nature of short-term avocations and is based on external attractive signs of profession, but not supported by the stable interest in it. It also helps students to understand the field of application of their capabilities and skills to acquire the necessary professional skills, sufficient to achieve the goal of a successful entrance to the university and the future vocational education.

2.4. Specificity of training courses on creative test for the entrance to the university

School graduates entering the university to artistic specialties have different levels of artistic skills, one group of students trained in institutions of additional education, the other – does not have the necessary drawing skills. But all the enrollees feel the need to prepare for the creative tests.

The substantial side of examination tests is influenced by the specificity of educational institutions: traditional exam on “painting”, “composition”, “drawing”. At that a set of disciplines is suffering some changes, taking into account the specialization of the institution, selected for entering. But an examination on drawing is fundamental in all educational institutions, engaged in the reception of enrollees for artistic professions. Requirements for the exam on drawing are based on an academic approach. Changes only the complexity of the image object (a still life of geometric figures, image of antique plaster cast of the head or capitals drawing, plaster ornamentation), the requirements for its graphic execution.

Preparatory courses are directed not only to fill “gaps’ in knowledge and skills of students, but also on the formation of the ability to learn, need to improve themselves, develop their abilities and inclinations. The training program at the training courses includes training materials necessary for passing the entrance exam on drawing and involve basic artistic skills as the initial stage of training in high school.

Drawing has a lead role in artistic education, it is among the number of specialized disciplines that require constant improvement and finding new and more effective forms and methods of education. Drawing classes help to learn and master the reality in various types of spatial and plastic arts, promote the mastery of creative work methods in artistic activity, methods of project graphics, develop a professional perception and creative thinking. The main means of expression of drawing (a point, a line, a contour, a silhouette, a plane, etc.) form the basis of any image. V. A. Korolev said: “Drawing is not only an art but also a science, learning to think by a form, to understand the structural basis, to portray the plastic structure of the objects on the plane” [10, p. 3].

To achieve a high level of examination drawing, enrollees need to master a number of methodological principles of academic drawing implementation. Generally accepted and proven practices include methods of learning drawing:

– Making educational productions from nature;

– A successive change of tasks with the gradual complication;

– Frequent training in drawing in fulfilling long-term and short-term tasks;

– Demonstration of visual materials;

– Theoretical knowledge on studied topics.

Methods of education and methodical principles of drawing are closely associated with each other, since each method is a combination of techniques in a particular system. Methodical principles express certain objective laws of conducting work on the drawing.

The methodical principles of teaching drawing are:

– The principle of flow of the drawing execution. It must be carried out with the first training steps on the basis of the particular principles of drawing: from the total – to the private, from the larger form – to smaller, from the main – to the secondary.

– The principle of the compositional picture in the format. It requires a specific order of work, making it possible to solve the problem of three-dimensional objects depiction on a plane of the sheet.

– The principle of drawing symmetrical paired forms. Most objects have a symmetrical pair form:. household items, a human head, etc. The essence of the principle is to trace and draw paired and simmetrical forms simultaneously at the same time in accordance with each other and the whole on the basis of comparison.

– The principle of constructive analysis of the form in the picture. It must take into account the relationship of elements, not only in space but also in the constructive-structural terms.