Как избежать климатических катастроф? План Б 4.0: спасение цивилизации

13 Markus Knigge and Benjamin Gorlach, Effects of Germany’s Ecological Tax Reforms on the Environment, Employment and Technological Innovation: Summary of the Final Report of the Project (Berlin: Ecologic Institute for International and European Environmental Policy, August 2005); Michael Renner, Sean Sweeney, and Jill Kubit, Green Jobs: Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low Carbon World (Nairobi: UNEP, 2008), p. 97.

14 Оценка перераспределения налогового бремени в Швеции сделана на основании данных, приведенных в статье: Paul Ekins and Stefan Speck, “Environmental Tax Reform in Europe: Energy Tax Rates and Competitiveness” – в книге: Nathalie J. Chalifour et al., Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), pp. 77– 105; Ministry of Finance, Sweden, “Taxation and the Environment”, press release (Stockholm: 25 May 2005); размеры семей взяты из публикаций: Target Group Index, “Household Size”, Global TGI Barometer (Miami: 2005; U. N. Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database – см.: esa.un.org/unpp, материал обновлен 11 марта 2009; Andrew Hoerner and Benoit Bosquet, Environmental Tax Reform: The European Experience (Washington, DC: Center for a Sustainable Economy, 2001); European Environment Agency, Environmental Taxes: Recent Developments in Tools for Integration , Environmental Issues Series No. 18 (Copenhagen: 2000); результаты опросов взяты из книги: David Malin Roodman, The Natural Wealth of Nations (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1998), p. 243.

15 Redefining Progress, op. cit. note 7; N. Gregory Mankiw, “Gas Tax Now!”, Fortune , 24 May 1999, pp. 60–64.

16 Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants, Landfill Taxes and Bans (Brussels: April 2007); Tom Miles, “London Drivers to Pay UK’s First Congestion Tax”, Reuters , 28 February 2002; Energy Council, Energy Efficiency Policies and Indicators (London: 2001), Annex 1;

“DONG satisfied with Electric Car Tax Relief”, Copenhagen Post , 22 May 2009; Nick Kurczewski, “Scariest Place in the World to Buy a Car”, New York Times Wheels Blog , 7 May 2008; Office of the Mayor, “Car Plate Prices Climb” (Shanghai: 21 June 2009).

17 South Australian Fisheries Management Series, Management Plan for the South Australian Southern Zone Rock Lobster Fishery (Adelaide, South Australia: 2007); South Australian Research and Development Institute, Southern Zone Rock Lobster (Jasus edwarsdsii), Fishery , assessment report to PIRSA (Adelaide, South Australia: 2008).

18 Письмо Эдвина Кларка автору, 25 июля 2001 г.

19 Andreˆ de Moor and Peter Calamai, Subsidizing Unsustainable Development (San Joseˆ, Costa Rica: Earth Council, 1997).

20 World Bank, World Development Report 2003 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 30, 142; IEA, World Energy Outlook 2006 (Paris: 2006), p. 279.

21 Данные по Бельгии, Франции и Японии взяты из работы: Seth Dunn, “King Coal’s Weakening Grip on Power”, World Watch , September/October 1999, pp. 10–19; данные по Германии взяты из публикации: UNEP, Reforming Energy Subsides: Opportunities to Contribute to the Climate Change Agenda см. с. 335 (одна строка) 2006 (Washington, DC: October 2008), Table 1.4; данные о сокращении субсидий в Китае, Индонезии и Нигерии взяты из публикации: GTZ Transport Policy Advisory Service, International Fuel Prices 2007 (Eschborn, Germany: April 2007), p. 3.

22 John Whitelegg and Spencer Fitz-Gibbon, Aviation’s Economic Downside , 3rd ed. (London: Green Party of England & Wales, 2003); перевод сумм в британских фунтах стерлингов в их долларовый эквивалент выполнен на основе обменного курса, установленного МВФ на август 2007 г. – cм.: “Representative Exchange Rates for Selected Currencies in August 2007”, Exchange Rate Archives by Month – на сайте: www.imf.org/external; просмотрено автором 16 августа 2007 г.; U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 14.