21. Mazur, Andrzej, Jeanette A.M. Maier, Edmond Rock, Elyett Gueux, Wojciech Nowacki, and Yves Rayssiguier. “Magnesium and the inflammatory response: potential physiopathological implications.” Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 458, no. 1 (2007): 48–56; Abbas, Amr M., and Hussein F. Sakr. “Effect of magnesium sulfate and thyroxine on inflammatory markers in a rat model of hypothyroidism.” Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 94, no. 4 (2015): 426–432; Moncayo, Roy, and Helga Moncayo. “The WOMED model of benign thyroid disease: acquired magnesium deficiency due to physical and psychological stressors relates to dysfunction of oxidative phosphorylation.” BBA Clinical 3 (2015): 44–64.
22. Moncayo, Roy, and Helga Moncayo. “Proof of concept of the WOMED model of benign thyroid disease: restitution of thyroid morphology after correction of physical and psychological stressors and magnesium supplementation.” BBA Clinical 3 (2015): 113–122; Moncayo, Roy, and Helga Moncayo. “The WOMED model of benign thyroid disease: acquired magnesium deficiency due to physical and psychological stressors relates to dysfunction of oxidative phosphorylation.” BBA Clinical 3 (2015): 44–64; Baldini, Marina, Daniela Castagnone, Roberto Rivolta, Laura Meroni, Marco Pappalettera, and Luigi Cantalamessa. “Thyroid vascularization by color doppler ultrasonography in Graves’ disease. Changes related to different phases and to the long-term outcome of the disease.” Thyroid 7, no. 6 (1997): 823–828.
23. Moncayo, Roy, and Helga Moncayo. “The WOMED model of benign thyroid disease: acquired magnesium deficiency due to physical and psychological stressors relates to dysfunction of oxidative phosphorylation.” BBA Clinical 3 (2015): 44–64; Moncayo, Roy, and Helga Moncayo. “Proof of concept of the WOMED model of benign thyroid disease: restitution of thyroid morphology after correction of physical and psychological stressors and magnesium supplementation.” BBA Clinical 3 (2015): 113–122.
24. Hess, Sonja Y. “The impact of common micronutrient deficiencies on iodine and thyroid metabolism: the evidence from human studies.” Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 24, no. 1 (2010): 117–132; Oba, Kiyoshi, and Shuichi Kimura. “Effects of vitamin A deficiency on thyroid function and serum thyroxine levels in the rat.” Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 26, no. 4 (1980): 327–334; Zimmermann, M.B. “Interactions of vitamin A and iodine deficiencies: effects on the pituitary-thyroid axis.” International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 77, no. 3 (2007): 236–240; Farhangi, Mahdieh Abbasalizad, Seyyed Ali Keshavarz, Mohammadreza Eshraghian, Alireza Ostadrahimi, and Ali Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi. “The effect of vitamin A supplementation on thyroid function in premenopausal women.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 31, no. 4 (2012): 268–274.
25. Sarandöl, Emre, Sibel Taş, Melahat Dirican, and Zehra Serdar. “Oxidative stress and serum paraoxonase activity in experimental hypothyroidism: effect of vitamin E supplementation.” Cell Biochemistry and Function 23, no. 1 (2005): 1–8; Padayatty, Sebastian J., Arie Katz, Yaohui Wang, Peter Eck, Oran Kwon, Je-Hyuk Lee, Shenglin Chen et al. “Vitamin C as an antioxidant: evaluation of its role in disease prevention.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 22, no. 1 (2003): 18–35.
26. Kivity, Shaye, Nancy Agmon-Levin, Michael Zisappl, Yinon Shapira, Endre V. Nagy, Katalin Dankó, Zoltan Szekanecz, Pnina Langevitz, and Yehuda Shoenfeld. “Vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases.” Cellular & Molecular Immunology 8, no. 3 (2011): 243; Yasuda, Tetsuyuki, Yasuyuki Okamoto, Noboru Hamada, Kazuyuki Miyashita, Mitsuyoshi Takahara, Fumie Sakamoto, Takeshi Miyatsuka et al. “Serum vitamin D levels are decreased and associated with thyroid volume in female patients with newly onset Graves’ disease.” Endocrine 42, no. 3 (2012): 739–741.
27. Wang, Yi-Ping, Hung-Pin Lin, Hsin-Ming Chen, Ying-Shiung Kuo, Ming-Jane Lang, and Andy Sun. “Hemoglobin, iron, and vitamin B12 deficiencies and high blood homocysteine levels in patients with anti-thyroid autoantibodies.” Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 113, no. 3 (2014): 155–160; Ness-Abramof, Rosane, Dan A. Nabriski, Menachem S. Shapiro, Louis Shenkman, Lotan Shilo, Eliahu Weiss, Tamar Reshef, and Lewis E. Braverman. “Prevalence and evaluation of B12 deficiency in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.” The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 332, no. 3 (2006): 119–122.
28. Jabbar, Abdul, Aasma Yawar, Sabiha Waseem, Najmul Islam, Naeem Ul Haque, Lubna Zuberi, Ataullah Khan, and Jaweed Akhter. “Vitamin B12 deficiency common in primary hypothyroidism.” Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 58, no. 5 (2008): 258.
29. Dakshinamurti, K., C.S. Paulose, J.A. Thliveris, and J. Vriend. “Thyroid function in pyridoxine-deficient young rats.” Journal of Endocrinology 104, no. 3 (1985): 339–344.