Западноевропейское искусство от Джотто до Рембрандта

… 1519 Michelangelo began working… the Medici… a funerary chapel… the entombment… Lorenzo the Magnificent, his murdered brother and two recently deceased dukes. Michelangelo's architecture supports the tombs… the two dukes… simple rectangular niches sit the two dukes, dressed… Roman armour… their roles as captains… the Roman Catholic Church. The sarcophagi have been split… the centre… either side recline figures… the times… day, Night and Day, Dawn and Twilight. These statues were not made… their present positions. The composition should be completed… the reclining river gods. Night and Day are the timeless symbols… the princely power that has conquered the powers… time (the times… day) and… space (the four rivers). When Michelangelo was engaged… this work glorifying the Medici power, the Sack… Rome destroyed temporarily the power… his Medici patron. The republic was revived… the third and the last time, and Michelangelo was placed… charge… its defences.

V. Insert the articles wherever necessary. Retell the text.

… High Renaissance in… Rome and Florence was brief. It lasted hardly more than… twenty five years from its beginning in… Leonardo's Last Supper to… death of… Raphael in…1520… new style succeeded it. It existed for… while… side by… side with… latest phases of… High Renaissance art… new style assumed… name of Mannerism… name Mannerism was proposed by… art historians in… twentieth century. Like… terms… Romanesque and… Gothic, Mannerism is here to stay… Mannerism indicates… style founded upon repetition of… acquired manual techniques. In… latest phases of… sixteenth century art in… central Italy there was much repetition of… type and… devices invented earlier, especially those of… Michelangelo. There was nothing mechanical what went on in… Florence,… Seine,… Parma and… many other Italian cities just before and just after…1520… moment was recognized as… spiritual crisis.

VI. Here are descriptions of some of Michelangelo's works of art. Match them up to the given titles.

I. Sculpture:

1. The figure is turning languidly as if in sleep.

2. This is one of the artist's most formidable creations.

3. The exquisite Virgin presents the timeless reality of Christ's sacrifice.

4. The heroic style is seen in this statue.

5. The new figure type earlier created by Michelangelo is set here in action.

a. David

b. Pieta

c. Rebellious Slave

d. Moses

e. Dying Slave

II. Ceiling painting:

1. God stretches forth his hand, about to touch with his finger the extended finger of Adam.

2. It foreshadows the foundation of the Church.

3. In a single scene, one motion of the eye leads from the crime to punishment, linked by the Tree of Knowledge.

4. The scene shows the Lord twice, once creating sun and moon with a cruciform gesture of his mighty arms, then seen from the rear creating plants.

5. She looks down upon the altar, at the eternal Tree of Life.

6. He writes in a small volume.

7. The figure is represented as im- mensely old.

8. The figure is grieving above the papal throne.

a. Fall of Man

b. Creation of Sun, Moon, and Plants

c. Creation of Adam

d. Lord Congregating the Waters

g. Jeremiah

h. Daniel

e. Libyan Sibyl

f. Persian Sibyl

VII. Translate the text into English

Центральную часть потолка Микеланджело посвятил сценам священной истории, начиная от сотворения мира. Под живописным карнизом Микеланджело написал пророков и сивилл, в люнетах изобразил эпизоды из Библии и предков Христа как простых людей. В девяти центральных композициях развертываются события первых дней творения: отделение света от тьмы, отделения тверди от воды, сотворение светил и растений, сотворение Адама и Евы, грехопадение и изгнание из Рая, всемирный потоп, опьянение Ноя. Микеланджело сотворил чудо. Целой жизни не одного, а многих людей не хватило бы, чтобы завершить это великое творение. Микеланджело работал один. Он создал гимн человеку. Бог – это прежде всего творец, не знающий преград на пути созидания. Адам идеально прекрасен в сцене «Сотворение Адама». Величие, мощь, благородство выражены в образах пророков и сивилл.

Несмотря на большое количестве фигур, роспись Сикстинского плафона логически ясна и легко обозрима. Она не разрушает плоскости свода, а выявляет тектоническую структуру.

VIII. Summarize the text.

IX. Topics for discussion.

1. Michelangelo's sculpture.

2. Michelangelo's ceiling painting.

3. Michelangelo's artistic heritage.

Unit VII Raphael (1483-1520)

Raffaello Sanzo, known as Raphael, was the third giant of the High Renaissance. In his art the High Renaissance ideal of harmony comes to its most complete expression.

Raphael was born in Urbino. First taught by his father, Giovanni Santi, a mediocre painter, Raphael worked for some time in the studio of Perugino.