A people's tragedy

104 Ibid., 34: 214–28, 242–7, 272–83.

105 Sukhanov, Russian, 556; Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks, 202; RTsKhIDNI, f. 17, op. 1, d. 33.

11 Lenin’s Revolution

1 Sukhanov, Russian, 498–9; Reed, Ten Days, 54–5, 87.

2 Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks, 209–16, 219; Lenin, PSS, 34: 264–8.

3 RTsKhIDNI, f. 17, op. 1, d. 34, l. 1–15.

4 Ibid., l. 16–17; NZh, 18 Oct 1917; Lenin, PSS, 34: 423–7.

5 Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks, 215.

6 Russkaia revoliutsiia glazami Petrogradskogo chinovnika, 15 Oct 1917; PRO, War Office, 158/964: 6; FO 371, 2997, N 142922, 126; Reisner, Izbrannye, 489–90; CUL, Hardinge Papers, 35: 27; HLRO, 206: Stow Hill Papers, DS 2/2, Box N18: 15–16; Ferro, October, 285; Gippius, Siniaia, 175, 187.

7 PRO, FO 371, 3016, N 205925: 542–5; N210021: 582; N 208373: 577–8; 3017 N 209501: 10–11; N 208214: 567–70; N 210844: 572–3; Nabokov, Ispytaniia, 97, 99–100, 102, 139–40.

8 Gippius, Siniaia, 210; RGVIA, f. 162, op. 1, d. 18.

9 Nabokov, ‘Provisional Government’, 78.

10 Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks, 253–4.

11 TsGASP, f. 131, op. 1, d. 8, l. 6; f. 54, op. 1, d. 2, l. 48; f. 148, op. 1, d. 24, l. 1; Startsev, ‘Voenno-revoliutsionnyi komitet’, 134; Ignat’ev, ‘V noch’ ’, 314.

12 Melgunov, Bolshevik, 81.

13 Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks, 272; Izvestiia TsK KPSS, 1989, 1: 226.

14 Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks, 274–81; Lenin, PSS, 35: 1.

15 Kostiukov, ‘Kak my opozdali’, 32–7; Oktiabr’skoe, 2: 346; Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks, 282; Trotsky, History, 1108–9; Blagonravov, ‘Fortress’, 206.

16 Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks, 290–1.

17 GARF, f. 543, op. 1, d. 1, l. 24–5; Sukhanov, Russian, 617–18; Melgunov, Bolshevik, 58–61.

18 GARF, f. 3348, op. 1, d. 149, l. 2; Melgunov, Bolshevik, 68–70; Pal’chinskii, ‘Poslednye chasy’, 137; Reed, Ten Days, 92–3.

19 Sinegub, ‘Zashchita’, 152; Melgunov, Bolshevik, 76; GARF, f. 3348, op. 1, d. 149, l. 3.

20 Reed, Ten Days, 106–7, 110–11.

21 Maliantovich, ‘V zimnem’, 120–1; Reed, Ten Days, 112; Melgunov, Bolshevik, 80; Buchanan, My Mission 2: 208.

22 Reed, Ten Days, 98–9; Sukhanov, Russian, 616, 635 and passim; Oktiabr’skoe, 2: 353; Pipes, Russian Revolution, 498.

23 Vtoroi vserossiiskii s’ezd, 2–4, 33–5.

24 Cited in Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks, 294.

25 Vtoroi vserossiiskii s’ezd, 43–4; Getzler, Martov, 163.

26 Vtoroi vserossiiskii s’ezd, 43–4; Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks, 297.

27 GARF, f. 3348, op. 1, d. 149, l. 2–3; Melgunov, Bolshevik, 89–91; Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks, 299–301.

28 Vtoroi vserossiiskii s’ezd, 47–54; Reed, Ten Days, 113–16.

29 Trotsky, History, 1140; Startsev, Ocherki, 195; Mawdsley, Baltic Fleet, 112–13.

30 Trotsky, History, 1079; Korenev, ‘Chrezvychainaia’, 29; Melgunov, Bolshevik, 67; Reed, Ten Days, 94–5, 106; Averbakh, ‘Revoliutsionnoe’, 25–6.

31 TsGASP, f. 131, op. 1, d. 7, ll. 2, 7, 13, 24; d. 8, ll. 6, 17, 22, 54, 57, 59.

32 GARF, f. 1236, op. 1, d. 1, l. 70, 81, 83–5, 119, 136, 147, 154, 157; d. 12, l. 14, 153–4; d. 13, l. 56; d. 37, l. 6; d. 39, ll. 5, 20, 28; f. 1791, op. 2, d. 594, 596; TsGASP, f. 131, op. 1, d. 8, l. 54; Bonch-Bruevich, ‘Strashnoe’, 180–92; Korolenko, ‘Iz dnevnikov’, 378–80.

33 NZh, 11 Jan 1918.

34 NZh, 18 Oct 1917.

35 GARF, f. 1236, op. 1, d. 1, ll. 28, 53–4, 58, 62; d. 12, l. 77; Koenker, Moscow Workers, 345; Mandel, Petrograd Workers, 328–32; Znamia truda, 2 Nov 1917.

36 RGVIA, f. 162, op. 1, d. 18.

37 RTsKhIDNI, f. 17, op. 1, d. 39.

38 Bone (ed.), Bolsheviks, 136–42; Trotskii, Stalinskaia shkola, 123.

39 Clements, Bolshevik Feminist, 124–6; Bunyan and Fisher (ed.), Bolshevik, 226; Iroshnikov, Sozdanie, 161–7.

40 Bunyan and Fisher (ed.), Bolshevik, 323.

41 Melgunov, Bolshevik, 127–8, 170, 180–1; ‘Pis’ma moi’, 2: 43.

42 NZh, 7 Nov 1917.

43 Liubovitch, ‘Kak’, 65–9; Rigby, Lenin’s, 45–51, 62–3.

44 Rigby, Lenin’s, 14–19, 30ff; Bunyan and Fisher (ed.), Bolshevik, 185–6; Liberman, Building, 13.

45 The Debate on Soviet Power, 68–89, 140–2, 200–1.

46 GARF, f. 1236, op. 1, d. 1, ll. 59, 102, 104, 107–8; Sorokin, Leaves, 105–6.

47 Radkey, Election, appendix; Radkey, Sickle, 248–9, 281–306.

48 The Debate on Soviet Power, 147.

49 Bunyan and Fisher (ed.), Bolshevik, 356–62; Dolgorukov, Velikaia, 57ff; NZh, 6 Dec 1917; The Debate on Soviet Power, 174, 177.

50 Gippius, Peterburgskie dnevniki, 365.

51 Leggett, Cheka, 17.

52 AG, Pg-Rl, 30–19–616 (published here for the first time).

53 The Debate on Soviet Power, 154.

54 Lenin, PSS, 35: 162–6, 221–3; Nash vek, 6 Jan 1918.

55 Bunyan and Fisher (ed.), Bolshevik, 369–70; NZh, 9 and 11 Jan 1918.

56 Sorokin, Leaves, 125; Sokolov, ‘Zashchita’, 67; Roobol, Tsereteli, 180–1; Bonch-Bruevich, Na boevykh, 250.

57 Vserossiiskoe uchreditel’noe, 110–11.

58 Sokolov, White Nights, 210.

59 Sokolov, ‘Zashchita’, 24, 26, 32–3.

60 AG, Pg-Rl, 30–19–617 (published here for the first time).

61 On this see my forthcoming article, ‘The Russian Revolution of 1917 and Its Language in the Village’, Russian Review.

62 Figes, Peasant Russia, 68; Sokolov, ‘Zashchita’, 16.

63 Denikin, Ocherki, 2: 147–8; Izvestiia vserossiiskogo soveta krest’ianskikh deputatov, 28 May 1917; Pravda, 1 Jan 1919.